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Dietrich Bonhoeffer a Lutheran pastor for Jews

I leave here some "flashes" of my lecture on Dietrich Bonhoeffer. I think it's worth conococer and remember this brave man who risked his life, and lost it, fighting against a criminal law regime. Here are some facts of its history, we will focus on the Jewish question.

Biographical Bonhoeffer was born in Breslau, Germany, within a family of upper-middle class. His father was a renowned psychiatrist and neurologist in Berlin, a non-practicing believer. The mother came from the Rhineland. In his family included theologians and artists. She was in charge of religious and emotional of his eight children. A very early, at age thirteen, he expressed his desire to be a minister of the Lutheran church.
This meant that it would open a university and the future of his three brothers who chose to train as a lawyer, another as a physicist and one as a naturist. Thus, their fate was to learn and teach theology. Theology was considered (now also in Germany) as another social science.

His parents supported his decision and attended the University of Tübingen where he finished his training in 1923. Then a doctorate in theology by the University of Berlin in 1927. From 1928 to 1929 he was vicar of the evangelical church of Barcelona. He liked the parishioners to whom it was, it was simpler people that the burghers of Berlin, but he says, better understood the gospel.

from 1929 to 1930 he spent a postgraduate year at Union Theological Seminary in New York. In November 1931 he was ordained at twenty years. From 1931 to 1933 and taught in Berlin.

historical and political circumstances played a decisive role in behavior and personality of Bonhoeffer. Following their protests against the regime and Hitler, the Gestapo will not post. Featured Works:

Ethics, Resistance and submission
(letters from the prison of Tegel) and Life community.

In 1945, just days before the end of the Second World War, is hanged in the field of Flossenbürg.


Bonhoeffer and the Jewish question Bonhoeffer critique of evangelical church about the possibility of a single national church, not raise their voice against the Aryan article. Do not see any scandal caused by trying to be affected only a small group. The Lutheran theologian and pastor goes on to say: "The Jewish question a lot of work to the Church and at this point the most sensible have completely lost his head and his Bible. " Moreover, certain professors of theology and some shepherds tried to theologically justify legislation Aryans. Thing that Bonhoeffer had already planned before this happened.
Bonhoeffer's work on the Jewish question has two parts: 1) Study the problem of integration of the Jewish Christian church, at this point in his opinion, the State has neither art nor part.

2) It raises starkly theological absurdity of a Church "of German roots" that excludes certain members for biological reasons. In this thesis says

"It's not at all the question whether members of our community of German origin can support even the church community with Jews. Rather it is the mission of the Christian proclamation that: here, where Jews and Germans together under the word of God is the Church is here that shows whether the Church or Church remains. " When Bonhoeffer entire Jewish boycott of April 1
(On April 1, 1933, the Nazis carried out the first nationwide action planned against the Jews: a boycott of Jewish businesses and professionals. The day of the boycott, Nazi troops-Sturmabteilung, HS-stood menacingly in front of stores apartments, shops and offices of Jewish professionals like doctors and lawyers. The Star of David was painted in yellow and black on thousands of doors and windows, together with anti-Semitic slogans. Signs were placed with the words, "Do not buy from Jews" and "The Jews are our misfortune." Occurred throughout Germany acts of violence against Jews and their property, and police intervened only rarely), wrote: "What opinion deserves the Church concerning the state action that places the Jewish State under a special law solely because they belong to another race differently? Bonhoeffer emphasizes the problems of "racial profiling" and adds: "What is the mission of the Church at this point?
Here the focus is on the Jewish question and no ecclesial integration, we have seen, of the Jewish Christians. He discussed openly
ecclesial responsibility to those facts. And the plasma in the form of three missions:
1) The Church has to ask (the state) now clearly state action "self" in relation to the Jewish question.
2) The second task was Bonhoeffer in service to victims of state action. It reads: "The Church has a special obligation with victims of social order, even if they belong to the Christian community. "
3) Here comes to the limit. He said: "If the Church sees that the State has too much or too little law and order situation is not only the victims to attach the wheel but to move against the same wheel spokes." To rush against the same radius of the wheel! But who would be launched?
In the first two missions Bonhoeffer saw the possibility of each of the calls should become known Christian leaders to "acknowledge the State of offenses against morality." However, in the third case, expressing a utopian hope. About the Jewish question, Bonhoeffer also fight for the Jews through the Abwehr.


The Abwehr

Dietrich Bonhoeffer falls on October 30, 1940, the Abwehr, ie in the official service counter. Access this service by his brother, Dohnanyi, which occupies an important position in the organization. Directed by General Oster and Admiral Canaris, the Abwehr is a focus of resistance. To join him, Bonhoeffer became a double agent. Bonhoeffer
perform two kinds of activities in the Abwehr. First, help a number of people, carried out a daring operation for the Jews. This work will still have a dangerous role in the interrogation of 1943. Canaris ordered that covert missions of the Abwehr, to facilitate the departure to Switzerland about 12 or 15 Jews. The operation is known as the 'U7', as initially only seven people came. Hans von Dohnanyi "U7" meant to overcome many obstacles. The maneuver lasted over a year until finally in the summer of 1942 concluded with great success, but six months later was adverse to its organizers. Bonhoeffer
Second attempt to establish contact with partners to inform them of the importance and the draft resistance German. He will also through the Abwehr.

In the fall of 1942, the Reich Security Office found irregularities in the currency of the Secret Service in Munich. Between October and January were the preparations for the attack on Hitler, finally, was set for March 13, 1943, the day the Führer would visit the headquarters of General Kluge, in Smolensk. The attack failed because it did not work on the bomb that had been installed in the plane would bring Hitler in East Prussia. A second attack in a hurry to set the "day of remembrance of the heroes, March 21, 1943, also failed. Two weeks later, on April 5, 1943, were arrested Dohnanyi and Dietrich Bonhoeffer in Berlin, Joseph Müller in Munich. Maj. Gen. Oster was expelled from the Secret Service. Von Dohnanyi was transferred to the prison Lehrterstrasse Berlin, Bonhoeffer to the prison of the German Army, the Wehrmachtsuntersuchungsgefängnis in Tegel.

The suspicious Gestapo counterintelligence services. He had no evidence against them. But he stopped a homeless man when he was about to cross the Swiss border taking up a lot of money, which seemed to belong to the Consul of Portugal in Munich. Interrogated, he confessed that the money was for the Jews refugees in Switzerland, which Bonhoeffer had been operating under the name 'U7'. The defendant also admitted working for the Abwehr.
However, there seemed no connection between the attack and arrests. The Gestapo could not find anything until September 1944 were in Zossen (Berlin) documents that explained everything and that led to the arrest of Admiral Canaris, Maj. Gen. Oster, Klaus Bonhoeffer, Rüdiger Schleicher, who was married to Ursula Bonhoeffer, and many others. After the discovery of Zossener Akten (Proceedings of Zossen) began the last act, which would end for Von Dohnanyi at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Canaris and Oster, the Flossenburg concentration camp.